{"id":2740,"date":"2026-04-30T18:19:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T18:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swissdaily.ch\/transition-energetique-europe\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:19:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T18:19:40","slug":"transition-energetique-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swissdaily.ch\/de\/transition-energetique-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 Santa Marta, l’UE appelle \u00e0 mettre fin aux nouveaux forages fossiles malgr\u00e9 la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondiale"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’UE maintient le cap sur la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en pleine flamb\u00e9e des prix<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

Alors que la guerre am\u00e9ricano-iranienne et la fermeture du d\u00e9troit d’Ormuz ont provoqu\u00e9 une envol\u00e9e des prix de l’\u00e9nergie, le commissaire europ\u00e9en au Climat Wopke Hoekstra<\/strong> a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 mardi \u00e0 Santa Marta, en Colombie, que le monde devait cesser tout nouveau forage de combustibles fossiles. Sa d\u00e9claration intervient en marge de la premi\u00e8re conf\u00e9rence internationale sur la transition vers l’abandon des \u00e9nergies fossiles, r\u00e9unissant 60 pays.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous devons r\u00e9duire notre d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des combustibles fossiles pour assurer notre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Nous ne pouvons pas \u00eatre \u00e0 la merci de r\u00e9gimes qui bloquent nos ressources \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Hoekstra, plaidant pour une \u00e9nergie \u00ab propre, abordable, fiable et produite localement \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Une conf\u00e9rence sous tension g\u00e9opolitique<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9union de Santa Marta, planifi\u00e9e bien avant le conflit au Moyen-Orient, se tient dans un contexte de forte pression sur les march\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques mondiaux. Plusieurs \u00c9tats membres de l’UE envisagent de puiser dans leurs r\u00e9serves fossiles : la Gr\u00e8ce a d\u00e9livr\u00e9 sa premi\u00e8re licence de prospection p\u00e9troli\u00e8re et gazi\u00e8re en mer depuis plus de quarante ans, tandis que l’Italie envisage de relancer des explorations suspendues depuis 2019.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Rome et Berlin ont par ailleurs \u00e9voqu\u00e9 un retour temporaire au charbon pour faire face \u00e0 la flamb\u00e9e des prix de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, illustrant la tension entre imp\u00e9ratifs climatiques et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d’approvisionnement \u00e0 court terme.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 ces pressions, Hoekstra a maintenu une position ferme : \u00ab Tant que nous d\u00e9pendons des combustibles fossiles, nous sommes vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la volatilit\u00e9 et aux pressions ext\u00e9rieures. La solution ? Redoubler d’efforts en faveur d’une \u00e9nergie propre, \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9e et ind\u00e9pendante. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Des objectifs chiffr\u00e9s pour 2030<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

Le commissaire europ\u00e9en a formul\u00e9 plusieurs engagements concrets \u00e0 l’horizon 2030 :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Ces objectifs s’inscrivent dans la continuit\u00e9 des engagements pris lors de la COP30<\/strong> au Br\u00e9sil en novembre dernier, dont Hoekstra a salu\u00e9 l’initiative de transition fossile pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par Bras\u00edlia. Il a toutefois critiqu\u00e9 le rythme des n\u00e9gociations onusiennes : \u00ab Le processus de la COP ne donne malheureusement pas toujours les r\u00e9sultats escompt\u00e9s. Nous devons l’am\u00e9liorer. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Un \u00e9lan vers la COP31 en Turquie<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

Parmi les nations europ\u00e9ennes repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es \u00e0 Santa Marta figurent le Danemark, l’Irlande, le Portugal, l’Espagne et le Royaume-Uni. La repr\u00e9sentante sp\u00e9ciale britannique pour le Climat, Rachel Kyte<\/strong>, a estim\u00e9 que la fermeture du d\u00e9troit d’Ormuz avait paradoxalement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 l’int\u00e9r\u00eat mondial pour les \u00e9nergies propres.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

La ministre espagnole de l’\u00c9nergie et de l’Environnement, Sara Aagesen<\/strong>, a qualifi\u00e9 la conf\u00e9rence de \u00ab succ\u00e8s \u00bb susceptible de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer alliances et consensus en vue de la COP31<\/strong> pr\u00e9vue en Turquie. \u00ab La d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des combustibles fossiles nous rend incroyablement vuln\u00e9rables. Nous avons notre propre histoire \u00e0 succ\u00e8s, qui nous a permis d’\u00eatre moins expos\u00e9s aux flamb\u00e9es des prix \u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Une coalition volontaire face aux blocages multilat\u00e9raux<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

Plusieurs grands producteurs de p\u00e9trole \u2014 dont le Canada, la Norv\u00e8ge, le Br\u00e9sil et le Nigeria \u2014 participent \u00e0 Santa Marta. En revanche, les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Russie et la Chine en ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exclus. La ministre colombienne de l’Environnement, Irene V\u00e9lez Torres<\/strong>, a justifi\u00e9 ces exclusions par des positions \u00ab ouvertement extractivistes \u00bb pour les deux premiers, et par la difficult\u00e9 structurelle qu’aurait pos\u00e9e la pr\u00e9sence du premier \u00e9metteur mondial pour P\u00e9kin.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

V\u00e9lez Torres a d\u00e9crit les participants comme une \u00ab coalition de volontaires \u00bb visant \u00e0 contourner les blocages r\u00e9currents des grands producteurs fossiles dans les n\u00e9gociations climatiques onusiennes. \u00ab Nous ouvrons un nouveau chapitre de la discussion politique mondiale. Ce qui importe ici, c’est la d\u00e9claration de ce que nous sommes pr\u00eats \u00e0 faire pour mettre fin \u00e0 la d\u00e9pendance aux combustibles fossiles \u00bb, a-t-elle conclu.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Des chercheurs en climatologie ont \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des ateliers sur les impacts sanitaires et \u00e9conomiques d’une sortie des \u00e9nergies fossiles. Aucune initiative formelle majeure n’est attendue \u00e0 l’issue de la conf\u00e9rence, dont l’objectif demeure d’identifier des actions collectives difficilement r\u00e9alisables \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle nationale.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’UE maintient le cap sur la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en pleine flamb\u00e9e des prix Alors que la guerre am\u00e9ricano-iranienne et la fermeture du d\u00e9troit d’Ormuz ont provoqu\u00e9 une envol\u00e9e des prix de l’\u00e9nergie, le commissaire europ\u00e9en au Climat Wopke Hoekstra a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 mardi \u00e0 Santa Marta, en Colombie, que le monde devait cesser tout nouveau forage […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2739,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-economie"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c0 Santa Marta, l'UE appelle \u00e0 mettre fin aux nouveaux forages fossiles malgr\u00e9 la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondiale - Swiss Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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