{"id":3087,"date":"2026-07-31T20:35:24","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T20:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swissdaily.ch\/ai-act-suisse\/"},"modified":"2026-07-31T20:35:24","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T20:35:24","slug":"ai-act-suisse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swissdaily.ch\/de\/ai-act-suisse\/","title":{"rendered":"L’AI Act europ\u00e9en s’impose comme r\u00e9f\u00e9rence mondiale : pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des entreprises qui s’y conforment ne sont pas \u00e9tablies dans l’UE"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bruxelles l\u00e9gif\u00e8re, le monde s’adapte. Telle est, en substance, la conclusion d’une analyse publi\u00e9e par la Thomson Reuters Foundation \u00e0 partir de son AI Company Data Initiative (AICDI)<\/strong>, qui a compil\u00e9 plus de 100 000 points de donn\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de 2 973 entreprises \u00e0 travers le globe.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Le constat central est saisissant : parmi les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s mentionnant le r\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en sur l’intelligence artificielle (AI Act)<\/strong> dans leurs rapports de gouvernance, 47 % ont leur si\u00e8ge hors de l’Union europ\u00e9enne. Ce chiffre illustre ce que les sp\u00e9cialistes nomment le Brussels Effect<\/em> \u2014 la capacit\u00e9 des r\u00e9glementations europ\u00e9ennes \u00e0 s’imposer comme normes de facto au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res du bloc, \u00e0 l’image du RGPD avant elles. L’effet n’est pas encore g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9, pr\u00e9cise le rapport, mais il est \u00ab visible, significatif et concentr\u00e9 l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les incitations de march\u00e9 \u00e0 s’aligner sont les plus fortes \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Pour la Suisse, pays tiers entretenant des liens commerciaux et r\u00e9glementaires \u00e9troits avec l’UE, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne n’est pas th\u00e9orique. Les entreprises helv\u00e9tiques figurent explicitement dans la cat\u00e9gorie des acteurs non membres de l’UE \u2014 aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s britanniques et norv\u00e9giennes \u2014 qui repr\u00e9sentent collectivement environ 24 % des entit\u00e9s ext\u00e9rieures au bloc citant le r\u00e8glement. La proximit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et l’imbrication des cha\u00eenes de valeur avec le march\u00e9 unique exercent une pression r\u00e9glementaire de fait, ind\u00e9pendante de toute obligation formelle d\u00e9coulant des accords bilat\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Un texte \u00e0 port\u00e9e extraterritoriale, des obligations encore partiellement assimil\u00e9es<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

L’AI Act est entr\u00e9 en vigueur en 2024, mais son d\u00e9ploiement est progressif. Les interdictions visant les usages les plus risqu\u00e9s de l’IA ainsi que les r\u00e8gles de transparence pour les mod\u00e8les \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral s’appliquent depuis d\u00e9cembre 2025. Les obligations les plus contraignantes \u2014 celles portant sur les syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 haut risque<\/strong> dans des domaines tels que le recrutement, le cr\u00e9dit ou la sant\u00e9 \u2014 deviendront pleinement ex\u00e9cutoires en ao\u00fbt 2026, assorties de sanctions pouvant atteindre 35 millions d’euros ou 7 % du chiffre d’affaires annuel mondial. Sa port\u00e9e extraterritoriale s’applique \u00e0 toute organisation dont les syst\u00e8mes d’IA sont utilis\u00e9s dans l’UE ou dont les r\u00e9sultats affectent des citoyens, des entreprises ou des institutions publiques du bloc.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Le secteur des technologies de l’information concentre \u00e0 lui seul pr\u00e8s de 40 % des entreprises non europ\u00e9ennes citant le r\u00e8glement, les services de communication et les services financiers en ajoutant conjointement 29 % suppl\u00e9mentaires. L’Am\u00e9rique du Nord domine ce paysage avec un peu moins de 40 % des acteurs non europ\u00e9ens concern\u00e9s, port\u00e9e principalement par des groupes am\u00e9ricains de la tech et de la sant\u00e9 disposant d’une pr\u00e9sence significative sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en. Les \u00c9tats-Unis repr\u00e9sentent \u00e0 eux seuls 35 % de l’ensemble des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s non europ\u00e9ennes se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant au texte \u2014 la contribution nationale la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e \u2014, alors m\u00eame que le pays ne dispose d’aucune loi f\u00e9d\u00e9rale d’ensemble sur l’IA. Microsoft, Google, OpenAI et xAI se sont volontairement align\u00e9s sur certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments du code de bonnes pratiques de l’UE, motiv\u00e9s, selon le rapport, par la perspective de pr\u00e9server leur acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en. Les entreprises asiatiques, concentr\u00e9es parmi les acteurs technologiques int\u00e9gr\u00e9s aux cha\u00eenes d’approvisionnement mondiales, affichent quant \u00e0 elles un taux de citation d’environ 28 %.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Derri\u00e8re ces chiffres se dessinent toutefois des lacunes structurelles. Tous secteurs et toutes g\u00e9ographies confondus, seules 13 % des entreprises disposent d’un cadre formel de gouvernance de l’IA. Parmi celles qui citent l’AI Act, les indicateurs strat\u00e9giques \u2014 existence d’une feuille de route IA, supervision au niveau du conseil d’administration, transparence sur les donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es \u2014 sont globalement satisfaisants, les entit\u00e9s non europ\u00e9ennes faisant m\u00eame mieux que leurs homologues de l’UE sur ces crit\u00e8res. En revanche, la mise en \u0153uvre op\u00e9rationnelle reste insuffisante : seules 12,4 % des entreprises mondiales imposent une revue humaine des d\u00e9cisions individuelles prises par l’IA, et pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 d’entre elles n’ont pas encore d\u00e9fini les modalit\u00e9s concr\u00e8tes de ce contr\u00f4le. Moins d’une entreprise sur quatre \u00e9value par ailleurs si ses syst\u00e8mes d’IA peuvent porter atteinte aux droits des salari\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Ces lacunes ne resteront pas sans cons\u00e9quences. \u00c0 compter d’ao\u00fbt 2026, les entreprises d\u00e9ployant de l’IA \u00e0 haut risque seront l\u00e9galement tenues d’effectuer ces contr\u00f4les avant mise en service et d’en communiquer les r\u00e9sultats aux autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes. Pour les acteurs suisses expos\u00e9s au march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en, l’enjeu est double : anticiper des obligations dont le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre exact d\u00e9pendra en partie de l’\u00e9volution des relations bilat\u00e9rales avec Bruxelles, tout en pr\u00e9servant la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 d’un Finanzplatz<\/strong> et d’un tissu industriel qui misent de plus en plus sur l’IA comme levier de productivit\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bruxelles l\u00e9gif\u00e8re, le monde s’adapte. Telle est, en substance, la conclusion d’une analyse publi\u00e9e par la Thomson Reuters Foundation \u00e0 partir de son AI Company Data Initiative (AICDI), qui a compil\u00e9 plus de 100 000 points de donn\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de 2 973 entreprises \u00e0 travers le globe. Le constat central est saisissant : parmi les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-politique"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"yoast_head":"\nAI Act : la Suisse face \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation europ\u00e9enne<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'AI Act europ\u00e9en s'impose mondialement. 47% des entreprises conformes ne sont pas en UE. 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