\u00ab Les \u00c9tats-Unis restent in\u00e9branlables dans leur soutien \u00e0 leur alli\u00e9 le plus important et dans leur reconnaissance de la souverainet\u00e9 japonaise sur les Territoires du Nord. \u00bb<\/strong> Il a ajout\u00e9 que Washington s’opposait fermement \u00e0 toute action susceptible de compromettre la paix et la stabilit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion indo-pacifique.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nUn diff\u00e9rend territorial enracin\u00e9 dans l’histoire<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Le contentieux autour de ces quatre \u00eeles \u2014 Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan et Habomai \u2014 remonte \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 1945, lorsque l’Union sovi\u00e9tique, rompant sa neutralit\u00e9 officielle avec le Japon quelques jours seulement avant l’invasion, a saisi ce chapelet volcanique au large de Hokkaido dans les derniers jours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Tokyo maintient, sur la base du droit international et de l’histoire, que ces territoires lui appartiennent de plein droit et qu’ils sont occup\u00e9s ill\u00e9galement depuis lors, d’abord par l’URSS, puis par la Russie apr\u00e8s la dissolution sovi\u00e9tique en 1991.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Ce diff\u00e9rend a jusqu’ici emp\u00each\u00e9 la conclusion d’un trait\u00e9 de paix formel entre les deux pays. L’\u00e9tat de guerre a certes pris fin en 1956, mais aucun accord d\u00e9finitif n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9, laissant la relation bilat\u00e9rale dans un \u00e9tat d’ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 juridique persistant.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Une militarisation progressive des \u00eeles<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Au-del\u00e0 du symbole politique, les \u00eeles pr\u00e9sentent une valeur strat\u00e9gique consid\u00e9rable pour Moscou. Situ\u00e9es \u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e de la mer d’Okhotsk, elles offrent \u00e0 la Flotte du Pacifique russe un acc\u00e8s direct \u00e0 l’oc\u00e9an Pacifique sans transit par des eaux sous contr\u00f4le japonais. Cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique explique l’intensification continue du d\u00e9ploiement militaire russe dans l’archipel.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
En 2016, Moscou y a install\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes de missiles Bal et Bastion sur deux des quatre \u00eeles m\u00e9ridionales. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, des syst\u00e8mes de missiles c\u00f4tiers Bastion ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s sur une \u00eele volcanique inhabit\u00e9e au centre de la cha\u00eene \u2014 site d’une ancienne base de l’arm\u00e9e imp\u00e9riale japonaise, puis d’une base sovi\u00e9tique abandonn\u00e9e faute de financement apr\u00e8s l’effondrement de l’URSS. Dans les ann\u00e9es suivantes, la Russie a encore renforc\u00e9 ce dispositif en d\u00e9ployant des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense antia\u00e9rienne de derni\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, en construisant une base a\u00e9rienne sur Etorofu et en y stationnant des avions de combat.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
La r\u00e9ponse de Tokyo : protestation formelle et menace de sanctions<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Le gouvernement japonais a r\u00e9agi avec une fermet\u00e9 inhabituelle. La Premi\u00e8re ministre Sanae Takaichi a qualifi\u00e9 la visite d’\u00ab absolument inacceptable \u00bb, estimant qu’elle \u00ab blesse les sentiments du peuple japonais \u00bb. Le ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Toshimitsu Motegi, a convoqu\u00e9 l’ambassadeur russe, Nikolay Nozdrev, au minist\u00e8re \u00e0 Tokyo pour lui remettre une protestation formelle, avec instruction de \u00ab transmettre sans d\u00e9lai le message \u00e0 Moscou \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
L’ambassade de Russie au Japon a r\u00e9pondu que l’ambassadeur avait r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 la position de Moscou \u2014 les \u00eeles font partie int\u00e9grante du territoire russe \u2014 et que le d\u00e9placement de Poutine n’\u00e9tait \u00ab pas un sujet de discussion avec des \u00c9tats \u00e9trangers \u00bb. Le Kremlin, pour sa part, a diffus\u00e9 une vid\u00e9o montrant Poutine sur l’archipel, les m\u00e9dias publics russes le montrant visiter une usine de transformation du poisson et go\u00fbter du caviar local.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Sur le plan des mesures concr\u00e8tes, Tokyo envisage d\u00e9sormais un renforcement des sanctions d\u00e9j\u00e0 en vigueur depuis f\u00e9vrier 2022, auxquelles s’ajoutent des contr\u00f4les \u00e0 l’exportation sur les technologies \u00e0 usage militaire et un soutien financier \u00e0 l’Ukraine. La Russie avait ripost\u00e9 \u00e0 ces mesures en classant le Japon parmi les \u00ab \u00c9tats inamicaux \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Des perspectives bilat\u00e9rales assombries<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Takaichi a \u00e9t\u00e9 explicite sur les cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 long terme : \u00ab Cette visite a encore durci l’opinion publique japonaise \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de la Russie et rendu plus difficile le r\u00e9tablissement des relations bilat\u00e9rales \u00e0 moyen et long terme. \u00bb<\/strong> Elle a conclu en exprimant l’espoir que Moscou \u00ab comprend pleinement la gravit\u00e9 de la situation \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nLa visite de Poutine \u2014 la premi\u00e8re d’un pr\u00e9sident russe depuis celle de Dmitri Medvedev en 2010 \u2014 ne constitue pas une rupture isol\u00e9e, mais s’inscrit dans une logique d’affirmation territoriale coh\u00e9rente avec la posture g\u00e9opolitique adopt\u00e9e par le Kremlin depuis 2022. Pour le Japon, alli\u00e9 central des \u00c9tats-Unis dans la r\u00e9gion indo-pacifique, la r\u00e9ponse diplomatique et \u00e9conomique \u00e0 cet \u00e9pisode sera un indicateur de la solidit\u00e9 de sa strat\u00e9gie de pression sur Moscou.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Un d\u00e9placement aux implications strat\u00e9giques et diplomatiques Vladimir Poutine est devenu le premier pr\u00e9sident russe en quinze ans \u00e0 fouler le sol des \u00eeles Kouriles m\u00e9ridionales disput\u00e9es, d\u00e9clenchant une r\u00e9action diplomatique imm\u00e9diate de Tokyo et une r\u00e9affirmation formelle du soutien am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 japonaise. La visite, qui a conduit le chef du Kremlin jusqu’\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-monde"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"yoast_head":"\n
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